View source for Module:Compromise

{{Short description|Negotiation strategy}}
{{About|settling differences in negotiations|compromises in design and decision making|Trade-off|other uses}}
To '''compromise''' is to make a deal between different parties where each party gives up part of their [[demand]].  In [[argument]]s, compromise is a concept of finding [[wikt:agreement|agreement]] through [[communication]], through a mutual [[acceptance]] of terms—often involving variations from an original [[goal]] or desires. Defining and finding the best possible compromise is an important problem in fields like [[game theory]] and the [[voting]] system.

Research has indicated that suboptimal compromises are often the result of negotiators failing to realize when they have interests that are completely compatible with those of the other party and settle for suboptimal agreements. Mutually better outcomes can often be found by careful investigation of both parties' interests, especially if done early in negotiations.<ref name="Thompson">{{cite journal |last1=Thompson |first1=Leigh |last2=Hastie |first2=Reid |date=October 1990 |title=Social perception in negotiation |journal=Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=98–123 |doi=10.1016/0749-5978(90)90048-e}}</ref>

The compromise solution of a multicriteria [[decision making]] or [[multi-criteria decision analysis]] problem that is the closest to the ideal could be determined by the [[VIKOR method]], which provides a maximum utility of the majority, and a minimum individual regret of the opponent.<ref>Opricovic, Serafim. “A Compromise Solution in Water Resources Planning”. Water Resources Management, Vol. 23, No 8, 2009, pp. 1549-1561.</ref>

== Politics ==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H12751, Godesberg, Vorbereitung Münchener Abkommen.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|alt=Chamberlain and Hitler leave the Bad Godesberg meeting, 1938|Chamberlain (left) and Hitler, 1938.]]

In international politics, the compromises most often discussed are usually regarded as nefarious deals with dictators, such as [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s [[appeasement]] of [[Adolf Hitler]]. Margalit calls these "rotten compromises."<ref>Margalit, Avishai. ''On Compromises and Rotten Compromises''  (Princeton University Press, 2009). {{ISBN|9780691133171}}</ref> In democratic politics, great challenges of contemporary democracy and has become more difficult in the era of the permanent campaign, as Gutmann and Thompson show.<ref>Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson. ''The Spirit of Compromise'' (Princeton University Press, 2012). {{ISBN|9780691153919}}</ref> The problem of political compromise in general is an important subject in [[political ethics]].

Politicians being willing to compromise can reduce [[partisanship]] and hostility. Politics is sometimes called the "art of compromise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finding the Middle Ground: The Art of Governing (Or “Compromise” is not a four-letter word) |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/get-involved/study-groups/finding-middle-ground-art-governing-or-%E2%80%9Ccompromise%E2%80%9D-not-four-letter-word |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=The Institute of Politics at Harvard University |language=en}}</ref> Polling by the American Survey Center indicates that Americans take a favorable view of political compromise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public views of political compromise and conflict and partisan misperceptions |url=https://www.americansurveycenter.org/research/public-views-of-political-compromise/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=The Survey Center on American Life |language=en}}</ref>

== Human relationships ==
In human relationships, "compromise" is frequently said to be an agreement with which no party is happy because the parties involved often feel that they either gave away too much or that they received too little.<ref name="pmhut">{{cite web|url=http://www.pmhut.com/methods-of-dealing-with-conflict-part-ii|title=Methods of Dealing with Conflict - Part II|author=Global Knowledge|year=2008|publisher=PM Hut|access-date=2010-01-11}}</ref>  In the negative [[connotation]], compromise may be referred to as [[Capitulation (surrender)|capitulation]], referring to a "[[Surrender (spirituality and psychology)|surrender]]" of objectives, principles, or material, in the process of negotiating an agreement. [[Extremism]] is often considered as [[antonym]] to compromise, which, depending on context, may be associated with concepts of [[Balance (metaphysics)|balance]] and [[Toleration|tolerance]].

== See also ==

*[[Constitution]]
*[[Connecticut Compromise|Connecticut Compromise (USA)]]
*[[Compromise of 1850|Compromise of 1850 (USA)]]
*[[Compromise of 1867|Compromise of 1867 (Austria-Hungary)]]
*[[False balance]]
* [[Missouri Compromise|Missouri Compromise (USA)]]
*[[Three-Fifths Compromise|Three-Fifths Compromise (USA)]]
*[[Trade-off]]

==References==
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[[Category:Arguments]]
[[Category:Game theory]]