Template:Infobox thorium

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Thorium
Ac ←

ibox Ac

Script error: No such module "Su".Th  (e)
 → Pa

ibox Pa

File:Mergefrom.svgISOBOX reuse · temporarily taskforce (talk) · Current page: IB-live (thorium) · (edit)
| Article: Thorium  e · h | Isotopes of thorium  e · h | Template: {{Infobox thorium}}  e · h | {{Infobox thorium isotopes}}  e · h |
Useful links: cat:Task list (124) · cat:ref & cmt (0) · CAT:DUPARG · RELC Infobox · RELC Isobox
random todo (ca. 1⁄36): {{[[Template:Infobox Script error: No such module "Random".|Infobox Script error: No such module "Random".]]}}, random all (1⁄124): I: {{Infobox iodine}} · (meta: IB <element> · Isobox <element>)
(
)
| check      =
| checknote1 =
ISOBOX reuse taskforce — Helptext
What is this?
(this text box:
)
Per December 2022, a WP:ELEMENTS taskforce is working to re-use isotopes data. Isotopes present in Isobox <element> are reused in Infobox <element> (read & shown, automatically and real-time).
This task is to check whether the reused data indeed has all abandoned data.
The lefthand table is the Isobox(Th). This data is live, and is shown in both "Isotopes of thorium", and in Infobox (Th) → "Thorium". File:Green check.svgY
The righthand (middle of page) table is the old "Main isotopes of element" data from Infobox (Th), which does not show any more and will be deleted. File:Red x.svgN
Todo
  • A. Please compare & check the two tables and sources. Update the lefthand Isobox as needed.
When the situation is unclear or to be researched, leave a comment in |checknote1=.
When OK, add the following to this Infobox page (edit), inside the {{infobox ..}} template code:
{{Infobox uranium
|check     = ok
|checknote1= Not sure about xyz, someone pls take a look
  • B. Old Infobox parameters |isotopes comment=, |isobox ref= to remove.
Deprecated parameters (done)
Tracked in ref & cmt category (0), as blacklisted parameters.
1. Manually copy/paste from Infobox to Isobox:
|isotopes ref=→|isobox ref=
|isotopes comment=→|isotopes comment=
2.These parameters may then be deleted from the Infobox (and so disappear from the category).
For Z>=E119, there is new parameter |theoretical isotopes comment=.
The table rows ({{isotope .. / .. decay2|mn= ..}} &tc.) now have new |ref=, one per isotope.
File:Yes check.svg Done (Cf, F, Pb). For Z>=E119, there is new parameter |theoretical isotopes comment=.
  • C. Align the named references.
TL;DR: Named references must be checked for exact spelling (c/p). Red messages in article References section.
References can be named, defined and reused over four pages: Article, Isotopes of <element>, {{Infobox <element>}}, {{Infobox <element> isotopes}}. In the wikicode, they appear as <ref name="Hofmann2016">..</ref>, and reused as <ref name="Hofmann2016" />.
Those ref name (reused) and ref content (when redefined) must be exactly the same (true copy/paste).
Misspellings appear as red error messages in the references section of the two live articles.
Resolving: these messages are to be removed by checking and copy/pasting the <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">ref name=</syntaxhighlight> wikicodes.
Sometimes it is easier to remove a reference (already abandoned) from the Infobox completely, after checking it is in the Isobox allright.

Examples demo: IB(U)/s · IB(119)/s · IB(121)/s

Notes
  • |checknote1=My comments is a mini-talk, free to use and expand, to communicate about this element.
|checknote2= same.
  • |check=ok will re-sort this Infobox <element> in the task category from <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">*</syntaxhighlight> (not ok) to <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">O</syntaxhighlight> (ok).
Text can be different: |check=todo: foobar, will read as "not ok yet".
  • Please do not remove the isotopes data from the Infobox, and do not edit the meta-templates.
OTOH, |isotopes ref=, |isotopes comment= and abandoned references may be deleted from Infobox <element> (see B, C).
  • Other data can be edited as usual.
Standard atomic weight data is not affected (to be ignored).
  • When all Infoboxes are OK and stable, this Isobox reuse task will be ended, data removed.
ISOBOX thorium File:Green check.svgY (child; reused) live
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
227Th trace Script error: No such module "val". α 223Ra
228Th trace Script error: No such module "val". α 224Ra
229Th trace 7917 y[1] α 225Ra
230Th 0.02% Script error: No such module "val". α 226Ra
231Th trace Script error: No such module "val". β− 231Pa
232Th 99.98% Script error: No such module "val". α 228Ra
234Th trace Script error: No such module "val". β− 234Pa
IB thorium File:Red x.svgN (old data, hidden) live
 
Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
227Th trace 18.68 d α 223Ra
228Th trace 1.9116 y α 224Ra
229Th trace 7917 y α 225Ra
230Th 0.02% 75400 y α 226Ra
231Th trace 25.5 h β− 231Pa
232Th 99.98% 1.405×1010 y α 228Ra
234Th trace 24.1 d β− 234Pa
Thorium, 90Th
File:Thorium sample 0.1g.jpg
Thorium
Pronunciation/ˈθɔːriəm/ ​(THOR-ee-əm)
Appearancesilvery
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Th)
  • Script error: No such module "val".
  • Script error: No such module "val". (abridged)[2]
Thorium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ce
↑
Th
↓
(Uqq)
actinium ← thorium → protactinium
Atomic number (Z)90
Block  [[Block (periodic table)#|]]
Electron configuration[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2023 K ​(1750 °C, ​3182 °F)
Boiling point5061 K ​(4788 °C, ​8650 °F)
Density (near r.t.)11.7 g/cm3
Heat of fusion13.81 kJ/mol
Heat of Script error: No such module "Engvar".514 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.230 J/(mol·K)
Script error: No such module "Engvar". pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2633 2907 3248 3683 4259 5055
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1,[3] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3
Script error: No such module "Engvar". energies
  • 1st: 587 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 179.8 pm
Covalent radius206±6 pm
File:Thorium spectrum visible.png
Spectral lines of thorium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​Script error: No such module "Engvar". (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod2490 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion11.0 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity54.0 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity157 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibilityScript error: No such module "val". cm3/mol (293 K)[5]
Young's modulus79 GPa
Shear modulus31 GPa
Bulk modulus54 GPa
Poisson ratio0.27
Mohs hardness3.0
Vickers hardness295–685 MPa
Brinell hardness390–1500 MPa
CAS Number7440-29-1
History
Namingafter Thor, the Norse god of thunder
DiscoveryJöns Jakob Berzelius (1829)
Main isotopes of thorium
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
227Th trace Script error: No such module "val". α 223Ra
228Th trace Script error: No such module "val". α 224Ra
229Th trace 7917 y[1] α 225Ra
230Th 0.02% Script error: No such module "val". α 226Ra
231Th trace Script error: No such module "val". β− 231Pa
232Th 99.98% Script error: No such module "val". α 228Ra
234Th trace Script error: No such module "val". β− 234Pa
Script error: No such module "Icon". Category: Thorium
| references
Thorium
Ac ←

ibox Ac

Script error: No such module "Su".Th  (e)
 → Pa

ibox Pa

indexes by PT (page)
  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (demo)
Group (demo)
Period (demo)
Block (demo)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Category:data sets (0)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Varga, Z.; Nicholl, A.; Mayer, K. (2014). "Determination of the 229Th half-life". Physical Review C. 89 (6): 064310. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064310.
  2. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Thorium". CIAAW. 2013.
  3. ↑ Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking (2019). "Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)8]+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding". Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 25 (50): 11772–11784. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027. PMID 31276242.
  4. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–135. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
  5. ↑ Weast, R. (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
  6. ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

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